Stem Rust: Puccinia graminis tritici

Symptom:

• Pustules (containing masses of urediospores) are dark reddish brown - occur on both sides of the leaves, on the stems, and on the spikes
• Pustules are usually separate and scattered, heavy infections -coalesce
• Prior to pustule formation, "flecks" may appear. Before the spore masses break through the epidermis, the infection sites feel rough to the touch
• As the spore masses break through, the surface tissues take on a ragged and torn appearance
• Survival : Both survive on stubbles and volunteer crops
• Alternate host : Berberis spp.
• Spread : uredospores from hills